Leviticus 5

Le 5:1.

TRESPASS

OFFERINGS FOR

CONCEALING

KNOWLEDGE.

1. if a soul . . . hear the voice of swearing--or,

according to some, "the words of adjuration." A proclamation was issued

calling any one who could give information, to come before the court

and bear testimony to the guilt of a criminal; and the manner in which

witnesses were interrogated in the Jewish courts of justice was not by

swearing them directly, but adjuring them by reading the words of an

oath: "the voice of swearing." The offense, then, for the expiation of

which this law provides, was that of a person who neglected or avoided

the opportunity of lodging the information which it was in his power to

communicate.

Le 5:2, 3.

TOUCHING

ANY

THING

UNCLEAN.

2. if a soul touch any unclean thing--A person who, unknown to

himself at the time, came in contact with any thing unclean, and either

neglected the requisite ceremonies of purification or engaged in the

services of religion while under the taint of ceremonial defilement,

might be afterwards convinced that he had committed an offense.

Le 5:4-19.

FOR

SWEARING.

4. if a soul swear--a rash oath, without duly considering the

nature and consequences of the oath, perhaps inconsiderately binding

himself to do anything wrong, or neglecting to perform a vow to do

something good. In all such cases a person might have transgressed one

of the divine commandments unwittingly, and have been afterwards

brought to a sense of his delinquency.

5. it shall be, when he shall be guilty . . . that he

shall confess that he hath sinned in that thing--make a voluntary

acknowledgment of his sin from the impulse of his own conscience, and

before it come to the knowledge of the world. A previous discovery

might have subjected him to some degree of punishment from which his

spontaneous confession released him, but still he was considered guilty

of trespass, to expiate which he was obliged by the ceremonial law to

go through certain observances.

6-14. he shall bring his trespass offering unto the Lord for his

sins which he hath sinned--A trespass offering differed from a sin

offering in the following respects: that it was appointed for persons

who had either done evil unwittingly, or were in doubt as to their own

criminality; or felt themselves in such a special situation as required

sacrifices of that kind [BROWN]. The trespass

offering appointed in such cases was a female lamb or kid; if unable to

make such an offering, he might bring a pair of turtledoves or two

young pigeons--the one to be offered for a sin offering, the other for

a burnt offering; or if even that was beyond his ability, the

law would be satisfied with the tenth part of an ephah of fine flour

without oil or frankincense.

15, 16. sin through ignorance, in the holy things of the Lord,

&c.--This is a case of sacrilege committed ignorantly, either in not

paying the full due of tithes, first-fruits, and similar tribute in

eating of meats, which belonged to the priests alone--or he was

required, along with the restitution in money, the amount of which was

to be determined by the priest, to offer a ram for a trespass offering,

as soon as he came to the knowledge of his involuntary fraud.

17-19. if a soul sin . . . though he wist it not, yet is

he guilty--This also refers to holy things, and it differs from the

preceding in being one of the doubtful cases,--that is, where

conscience suspects, though the understanding be in doubt whether

criminality or sin has been committed. The Jewish rabbis give, as an

example, the case of a person who, knowing that "the fat of the

inwards" is not to be eaten, religiously abstained from the use of it;

but should a dish happen to have been at table in which he had reason

to suspect some portion of that meat was intermingled, and he had,

inadvertently, partaken of that unlawful viand, he was bound to bring a

ram as a trespass offering

[Le 5:16].

These provisions were all designed to impress the conscience with the

sense of responsibility to God and keep alive on the hearts of the

people a salutary fear of doing any secret wrong.