2 Kings 15

2Ki 15:1-7.

AZARIAH'S

REIGN OVER

JUDAH.

1-7. In the twenty and seventh year of Jeroboam--It is thought that

the throne of Judah continued vacant eleven or twelve years, between

the death of Amaziah and the inauguration of his son Azariah. Being a

child only four years old when his father was murdered, a regency was

appointed during Azariah's minority.

began Azariah . . . to reign--The character of his reign is described

the religious policy of the later kings. But his reign was a very

active as well as eventful one, and is fully related

(2Ch 26:1-23).

Elated by the possession of great power, and presumptuously arrogating

to himself, as did the heathen kings, the functions both of the real

and sacerdotal offices, he was punished with leprosy, which, as the

offense was capital

(Nu 8:7),

was equivalent to death, for this disease excluded him from all

society. While Jotham, his son, as his viceroy, administered the

affairs of the kingdom--being about fifteen years of age (compare

2Ki 15:33)

--he had to dwell in a place apart by himself (see on

2Ki 7:3).

After a long reign he died, and was buried in the royal burying-field,

though not in the royal cemetery of "the city of David"

(2Ch 26:23).

2Ki 15:8-16.

ZECHARIAH'S

REIGN OVER

ISRAEL.

8-10. In the thirty and eighth year of Azariah king of Judah did

Zechariah the son of Jeroboam reign over Israel--There was an

interregnum from some unknown cause between the reign of Jeroboam and

the accession of his son, which lasted, according to some, for ten or

twelve years, according to others, for twenty-two years, or more. This

prince pursued the religious policy of the calf-worship, and his reign

was short, being abruptly terminated by the hand of violence. In his

fate was fulfilled the prophecy addressed to Jehu

(2Ki 10:30;

also

Ho 1:4),

that his family would possess the throne of Israel for four

generations; and accordingly Jehoahaz, Joash, Jehoram, and Zechariah

were his successors--but there his dynasty terminated; and perhaps it

was the public knowledge of this prediction that prompted the murderous

design of Shallum.

13-17. Shallum . . . reigned a full month--He was opposed and slain

was commander of the forces,

which, on the report of the king's murder, were besieging Tirzah, a

town twelve miles east of Samaria, and formerly a seat of the kings of

Israel. Raising the siege, he marched directly against the usurper,

slew him, and reigned in his stead.

16. Menahem . . . smote Tiphsah--Thapsacus, on the Euphrates, the

border city of Solomon's kingdom

(1Ki 4:24).

The inhabitants refusing to open their gates to him, Menahem took it by

storm. Then having spoiled it, he committed the most barbarous

excesses, without regard either to age or sex.

2Ki 15:17-21.

MENAHEM'S

REIGN.

17. reigned ten years in Samaria--His government was conducted on the

religious policy of his predecessors.

19. Pul the king of Assyria--This is the first Assyrian king after

Nimrod who is mentioned in biblical history. His name has been recently

identified with that of Phalluka on the monuments of Nineveh, and that

of Menahem discovered also.

came against the land--Elsewhere it is said "Ephraim [Israel] went to

the Assyrian"

[Ho 5:13].

The two statements may be reconciled thus: "Pul, of his own motion,

induced, perhaps, by the expedition of Menahem against Thapsacus,

advanced against the kingdom of Israel; then Menahem sent him a

thousand talents in order not only to divert him from his plans of

conquest, but at the same time to purchase his friendship and aid for

the establishment of his own precarious sovereignty. So Menahem did not

properly invite the Assyrian into the land, but only changed the enemy

when marching against the country, by this tribute, into a confederate

for the security of his usurped dominion. This the prophet Hosea, less

concerned about the historical fact than the disposition betrayed

therein, might very well censure as a going of Ephraim to the Assyrians

(Ho 5:13; 7:1; 8:9),

and a covenant-making with Asshur"

(2Ki 12:1)

[KEIL].

a thousand talents of silver--Equal to £262,200. This

tribute, which Menahem raised by a tax on the grandees of Israel,

bribed Pul to return to his own country (see on

1Ch 5:26).

2Ki 15:22-24.

PEKAHIAH'S

REIGN.

23. Pekahiah . . . son of Menahem began to reign--On comparing the

date given with Azariah's reign, it seems that several months had

intervened between the death of Menahem and the accession of Pekahiah,

probably owing to a contest about the throne.

25. with Argob and Arieh, &c.--Many commentators view these as the

captain's accomplices. But it is more probable that they were

influential friends of the king, who were murdered along with him.

2Ki 15:27-31.

PEKAH'S

REIGN.

29. in the days of Pekah king of Israel came Tiglath-pileser--This

monarch, who succeeded Pul on the throne of Assyria, is the only one of

all the kings who does not give his genealogy, and is therefore

supposed to have been an usurper. His annals have been discovered in

the Nimroud mound, describing this expedition into Syria. The places

taken are here mentioned as they occurred and were conquered in the

progress of an invasion.

30. Hoshea the son of Elah made a conspiracy . . . and slew him--He

did not, however, obtain possession of the kingdom till about nine or

ten years after the perpetration of this crime [HALES].

in the twentieth year of Jotham--Jotham's reign lasted only sixteen

years, but the meaning is that the reign of Hoshea began in the

twentieth after the beginning of Jotham's reign. The sacred historian,

having not yet introduced the name of Ahaz, reckoned the date by

Jotham, whom he had already mentioned (see

2Ch 27:8).

2Ki 15:32-38.

JOTHAM'S

REIGN OVER

JUDAH.

33. Five and twenty years was he when he began to reign--that is,

alone--for he had ruled as his father's viceroy

[2Ki 15:5].

35. the higher gate of the house of the Lord--not the temple itself,

but one of its courts; probably that which led into the palace

(2Ch 23:20).

37. the Lord began to send against Judah Rezin the king of Syria,

&c.--This is the first intimation of the hostile feelings of the kings

of Israel and Syria, to Judah, which led them to form an alliance and

make joint preparations for war.

[See on

2Ch 27:5.]

However, war was not actually waged till the reign of Ahaz.