Numbers 20

Nu 20:1-29.

THE

DEATH OF

MIRIAM.

1. Then came the children of Israel . . . into the desert

of Zin in the first month--that is, of the fortieth year (compare

Nu 20:22, 23,

with Nu 33:38).

In this history only the principal and most important incidents are

recorded, those confined chiefly to the first or second and the last

years of the journeyings in the wilderness, thence called Et-Tih.

Between

Nu 19:22

and Nu 20:1

there is a long and undescribed interval of thirty-seven years.

the people abode in Kadesh--supposed to be what is now known as

Ain-el-Weibeh, three springs surrounded by palms.

(See on

Nu 13:26).

It was their second arrival after an interval of thirty-eight years

(De 2:14).

The old generation had nearly all died, and the new one encamped in it

with the view of entering the promised land, not, however, as formerly

on the south, but by crossing the Edomite region on the east.

Miriam died there--four months before Aaron

[Nu 33:38].

2-13. there was no water for the congregation--There was at Kadesh

a fountain, En-Mishpat

(Ge 14:7),

and at the first encampment of the Israelites there was no want of

water. It was then either partially dried up by the heat of the season,

or had been exhausted by the demands of so vast a multitude.

6. Moses and Aaron went from the presence of the assembly--Here is a

fresh ebullition of the untamed and discontented spirit of the people.

The leaders fled to the precincts of the sanctuary, both as an asylum

from the increasing fury of the highly excited rabble, and as their

usual refuge in seasons of perplexity and danger, to implore the

direction and aid of God.

8. Take the rod--which had been deposited in the tabernacle

(Nu 17:10),

the wonder-working rod by which so many miracles had been performed,

sometimes called "the rod of God"

(Ex 4:20),

sometimes Moses'

(Nu 20:11)

or Aaron's rod

(Ex 7:12).

10. [Moses]

said unto them, Hear now, ye rebels; must we fetch you

water out of this rock?--The conduct of the great leader on this

occasion was hasty and passionate

(Ps 106:33).

He had been directed to speak to the rock

[Nu 20:8],

but he smote it twice

[Nu 20:11]

in his impetuosity, thus endangering the blossoms of the rod, and,

instead of speaking to the rock, he spoke to the people

in a fury.

11. the congregation drank, and their beasts--Physically the water

afforded the same kind of needful refreshment to both. But from a

religious point of view, this, which was only a common element to the

cattle, was a sacrament to the people

(1Co 10:3, 4)

--It possessed a relative sanctity imparted to it by its divine origin

and use.

12. The Lord spake unto Moses and Aaron, Because ye believed me not,

&c.--The act of Moses in smiting twice betrayed a doubt, not of the

power, but of the will of God to gratify such a rebellious people, and

his exclamation seems to have emanated from a spirit of incredulity

akin to Sarai's

(Ge 18:13).

These circumstances indicate the influence of unbelief, and there might

have been others unrecorded which led to so severe a chastisement.

13. This is the water of Meribah--The word "Kadesh" is added to it

[De 32:51]

to distinguish it from another Meribah

(Ex 17:7).

14-16. Moses sent messengers . . . to the king of Edom--The encampment

at Kadesh was on the confines of the Edomite territory, through which

the Israelites would have had an easy passage across the Arabah by

Wady-el-Ghuweir, so that they could have continued their course around

Moab, and approached Palestine from the east

[ROBERTS]. The Edomites,

being the descendants of Esau and tracing their line of descent from

Abraham as their common stock, were recognized by the Israelites as

brethren, and a very brotherly message was sent to them.

17. we will go by the king's highway--probably Wady-el-Ghuweir

[ROBERTS],

through which ran one of the great lines of road,

constructed for commercial caravans, as well as for the progress of

armies. The engineering necessary for carrying them over marshes or

mountains, and the care requisite for protecting them from the shifting

sands, led to their being under the special care of the state. Hence

the expression, "the king's highway," which is of great antiquity.

19. if I and my cattle drink of thy water, then I will pay for it--From

the scarcity of water in the warm climates of the East, the practice of

levying a tax for the use of the wells is universal; and the jealousy

of the natives, in guarding the collected treasures of rain, is often

so great that water cannot be procured for money.

21. Edom refused to give Israel passage through his border,

&c.--A churlish refusal obliged them to take another route. (See on

Nu 21:4;

De 2:4;

and

Jud 11:18;

see also

1Sa 14:47;

2Sa 8:14,

which describe the retribution that was taken.)

22. the children of Israel . . . came unto mount Hor--now Gebel

Haroun, the most striking and lofty elevation in the Seir range, called

emphatically "the mount"

[Nu 20:28].

It is conspicuous by its double top.

24-28. Aaron shall be gathered unto his people--In accordance with

his recent doom, he, attired in the high priest's costume, was

commanded to ascend that mountain and die. But although the time of his

death was hastened by the divine displeasure as a punishment for his

sins, the manner of his death was arranged in tenderness of love, and

to do him honor at the close of his earthly service. His ascent of the

mount was to afford him a last look of the camp and a distant prospect

of the promised land. The simple narrative of the solemn and impressive

scene implies, though it does not describe, the pious resignation,

settled faith, and inward peace of the aged pontiff.

26. strip Aaron of his garments--that is, his pontifical robes, in

token of his resignation. (See

Isa 22:20-25).

put them on his son--as the inauguration into his high office. Having

been formerly anointed with the sacred oil, that ceremony was not

repeated, or, as some think, it was done on his return to the camp.

28. Aaron died there in the top of the

mount--(See on

De 10:6).

A tomb has been erected upon or close by the spot where he was

buried.

29. When all the congregation saw that Aaron was dead--Moses and

Eleazar were the sole witnesses of his departure

(Nu 20:28).

According to the established law, the new high priest could not have

been present at the funeral of his father without contracting

ceremonial defilement

(Le 21:11).

But that law was dispensed with in the extraordinary circumstances. The

people learned the event not only from the recital of the two

witnesses, but from their visible signs of grief and change; and this

event betokened the imperfection of the Levitical priesthood

(Heb 7:12).

they mourned for Aaron thirty days--the usual period of public and

solemn mourning.

(See on

De 34:8).