Romans 13

Ro 13:1-14.

SAME

SUBJECT

CONTINUED--POLITICAL AND

SOCIAL

RELATIONS--MOTIVES.

1, 2. Let every soul--every man of you

be subject unto the higher powers--or, "submit himself to the

authorities that are above him."

For there is no power--"no authority"

but of God: the powers that be are ordained of God--"have been ordained

of God."

2. Whosoever therefore resisteth the power--"So that he that setteth

himself against the authority."

resisteth the ordinance of God; and they that resist shall receive to

themselves damnation--or, "condemnation," according to the old sense

of that word; that is, not from the magistrate, but from God, whose

authority in the magistrate's is resisted.

3, 4. For rulers are not a terror to good works--"to the good work,"

as the true reading appears to be

but to the evil.

4. he beareth not the sword in vain--that is, the symbol of the

magistrate's authority to punish.

5. Wherefore ye must needs be subject, not only for wrath--for fear

of the magistrate's vengeance.

but also for conscience' sake--from reverence for God's authority.

It is of Magistracy in general, considered as a divine ordinance,

that this is spoken: and the statement applies equally to all forms of

government, from an unchecked despotism--such as flourished when this

was written, under the Emperor Nero--to a pure democracy. The

inalienable right of all subjects to endeavor to alter or improve the

form of government under which they live is left untouched here. But

since Christians were constantly charged with turning the world upside

down, and since there certainly were elements enough in Christianity of

moral and social revolution to give plausibility to the charge, and

tempt noble spirits, crushed under misgovernment, to take redress into

their own hands, it was of special importance that the pacific,

submissive, loyal spirit of those Christians who resided at the great

seat of political power, should furnish a visible refutation of this

charge.

6, 7. For, for this cause pay ye--rather, "ye pay"

tribute also--that is, "This is the reason why ye pay the contributions

requisite for maintaining the civil government."

for they are God's ministers, attending continually upon this very

thing--"to this very thing."

7. Render therefore to all their dues--From magistrates the apostle now

comes to other officials, and from them to men related to us by whatever

tie.

tribute--land tax.

custom--mercantile tax.

fear--reverence for superiors.

honour--the respect due to persons of distinction.

8. Owe no man anything, but to love one another--"Acquit yourselves

of all obligations except love, which is a debt that must remain ever

due" [HODGE].

for he that loveth another hath fulfilled the law--for the law

itself is but love in manifold action, regarded as matter of duty.

9. For this, &c.--better thus: "For the [commandments], Thou shalt

not kill, Thou shalt not commit adultery, Thou shalt not steal, Thou

shalt not covet, and whatever other commandment [there may be], it is

summed up," &c. (The clause, "Thou shalt not bear false witness," is

wanting in all the most ancient manuscripts). The apostle refers here

only to the second table of the law, as love to our neighbor is what he

is treating of.

10. Love worketh no ill to his--or, "one's"

neighbour; therefore, &c.--As love, from its very nature, studies

and delights to please its objects, its very existence is an effectual

security against our wilfully injuring him. Next follow some general

motives to the faithful discharge of all these duties.

11. And that--rather, "And this [do]"

knowing the time, that now it is high time--literally, "the hour has

already come."

to awake out of sleep--of stupid, fatal indifference to eternal things.

for now is our salvation--rather, "the salvation," or simply

"salvation."

nearer than when we--first

believed--This is in the line of all our Lord's teaching, which

represents the decisive day of Christ's second appearing as at hand, to

keep believers ever in the attitude of wakeful expectancy, but without

reference to the chronological nearness or distance of that event.

12. The night--of evil

is far spent, the day--of consummated triumph over it

is at hand: let us therefore cast off--as a dress

the works of darkness--all works holding of the kingdom and period of

darkness, with which, as followers of the risen Saviour, our connection

has been dissolved.

and let us put on the armour of light--described at length in

Eph 6:11-18.

13. Let us walk honestly--"becomingly," "seemingly"

as in the day--"Men choose the night for their revels, but our night

is past, for we are all the children of the light and of the day

(1Th 5:5):

let us therefore only do what is fit to be exposed to the light of such

a day."

not in rioting and drunkenness--varied forms of intemperance; denoting

revels in general, usually ending in intoxication.

not in chambering and wantonness--varied forms of impurity; the one

pointing to definite acts, the other more general.

not in strife and envying--varied forms of that venomous feeling

between man and man which reverses the law of love.

14. But--to sum up all in one word.

put ye on the Lord Jesus Christ--in such wise that Christ only may

be seen in you (see

2Co 3:3;

Ga 3:27;

Eph 4:24).

and make no provision--"take no forethought."

for the flesh, to fulfil the lust thereof--"Direct none of your

attention to the cravings of your corrupt nature, how you may provide

for their gratification."

Note, (1) How gloriously adapted is Christianity for human

society in all conditions! As it makes war directly against no specific

forms of government, so it directly recommends none. While its holy and

benign principles secure the ultimate abolition of all iniquitous

government, the reverence which it teaches for magistracy, under

whatever form, as a divine institution, secures the loyalty and

peaceableness of its disciples, amid all the turbulence and distractions

of civil society, and makes it the highest interest of all states to

welcome it within their pale, as in this as well as every other

sense--"the salt of the earth, the light of the world"

(Ro 13:1-5).

(2) Christianity is the grand specific for the purification and

elevation of all the social relations; inspiring a readiness to

discharge all obligations, and most of all, implanting in its disciples

that love which secures all men against injury from them, inasmuch as

it is the fulfilling of the law

(Ro 13:6-10).

(3) The rapid march of the kingdom of God, the advanced stage of it at

which we have arrived, and the ever-nearing approach of the perfect

day--nearer to every believer the longer he lives--should quicken all

the children of light to redeem the time, and, seeing that they look

for such things, to be diligent, that they may be found of Him in

peace, without spot and blameless

(2Pe 3:14).

(4) In virtue of "the expulsive power of a new and more powerful

affection," the great secret of persevering holiness in all manner of

conversation will be found to be "Christ IN US,

the hope of glory"

(Col 1:27),

and Christ ON US, as the character in which alone

we shall be able to shine before men

(2Co 3:8)

(Ro 13:14).