Romans 14

Ro 14:1-23.

SAME

SUBJECT

CONTINUED--CHRISTIAN

FORBEARANCE.

The subject here, and on to

Ro 15:13,

is the consideration due from stronger Christians to their weaker

brethren; which is but the great law of love (treated of in the

thirteenth chapter) in one particular form.

1. Him that is weak in the faith--rather, "in faith"; that is,

not "him that is weak in the truth believed" [CALVIN, BEZA, ALFORD, &c.], but (as most interpreters agree), "him

whose faith wants that firmness and breadth which would raise him above

small scruples." (See on

Ro 14:22, 23).

receive ye--to cordial Christian fellowship.

but not to doubtful disputations--rather, perhaps, "not to the deciding

of doubts," or "scruples;" that is, not for the purpose of arguing him

out of them: which indeed usually does the reverse; whereas to receive

him to full brotherly confidence and cordial interchange of Christian

affection is the most effectual way of drawing them off. Two examples of

such scruples are here specified, touching Jewish meats and

days. "The strong," it will be observed, are those who knew these to

be abolished under the Gospel; "the weak" are those who had scruples on

this point.

2. one believeth that he may eat all things--See

Ac 10:16.

another, who is weak, eateth herbs--restricting himself probably to

a vegetable diet, for fear of eating what might have been offered to

idols, and so would be unclean. (See

1Co 8:1-13).

3. Let not him that eateth despise--look down superciliously upon

"him that eateth not."

and let not him that eateth not judge--sit in judgment censoriously

upon "him that eateth."

for God hath received him--as one of His dear children, who in this

matter acts not from laxity, but religious principle.

4. Who art thou that judges another man's--rather, "another's"

servant?--that is, CHRIST'S, as the whole context shows, especially

Ro 14:8, 9.

Yea, &c.--"But he shall be made to stand, for God is able to make him

stand"; that is, to make good his standing, not at the day of judgment,

of which the apostle treats in

Ro 14:10,

but in the true fellowship of the Church here, in spite of thy

censures.

5. One man esteemeth one day above another: another esteemeth every

day--The supplement "alike" should be omitted, as injuring the sense.

Let every man be fully persuaded in his own mind--be guided in such

matters by conscientious conviction.

6. He that regardeth the day, regardeth it to the Lord--the Lord

CHRIST, as before.

and he . . . not, to the Lord he doth not--each doing what he believes

to be the Lord's will.

He that earth, eateth to the Lord, for he giveth God thanks; and he

that eateth not, to the Lord he eateth not, and giveth God thanks--The

one gave thanks to God for the flesh which the other scrupled to use;

the other did the same for the herbs to which, for conscience' sake, he

restricted himself. From this passage about the observance of days,

ALFORD unhappily infers that such language could not have been used if

the sabbath law had been in force under the Gospel in any form.

Certainly it could not, if the sabbath were merely one of the Jewish

festival days; but it will not do to take this for granted merely

because it was observed under the Mosaic economy. And certainly, if

the sabbath was more ancient than Judaism; if, even under Judaism, it

was enshrined among the eternal sanctities of the Decalogue, uttered, as

no other parts of Judaism were, amidst the terrors of Sinai; and if the

Lawgiver Himself said of it when on earth, "The Son of man is

LORD EVEN OF THE SABBATH DAY"

(see

Mr 2:28)

--it will be hard to show that the apostle must have meant it to be

ranked by his readers among those vanished Jewish festival days, which

only "weakness" could imagine to be still in force--a weakness which

those who had more light ought, out of love, merely to bear with.

7, 8. For none of us--Christians

liveth to himself--(See

2Co 5:14, 15),

to dispose of himself or shape his conduct after his own ideas and

inclinations.

and no man--"and none" of us Christians "dieth to himself."

8. For whether we live, we live unto the Lord--the Lord

CHRIST; see

Ro 14:9.

and whether we die, we die unto the Lord; whether we live therefore,

or die, we are the Lord's--Nothing but the most vivid explanation of

these remarkable words could make them endurable to any Christian ear,

if Christ were a mere creature. For Christ is here--in the most

emphatic terms, and yet in the most unimpassioned tone--held up as the

supreme Object of the Christian's life, and of his death too; and that

Lycaonians would have worshipped him, he rushed forth to arrest the

deed, directing them to "the living God," as the only legitimate Object

of worship

(Ac 14:15).

Nor does Paul teach this here, but rather appeals to it

as a known and recognized fact, of which he had only to remind his

readers. And since the apostle, when he wrote these words, had never

been at Rome, he could only know that the Roman Christians would assent

to this view of Christ, because it was the common teaching of all

the accredited preachers of Christianity, and the common faith of all

Christians.

9. For to this end Christ both, &c.--The true reading here is, To

this end Christ died and lived ("again").

that he might be Lord both of the dead and--"and of the"

living--The grand object of His death was to acquire this absolute

Lordship over His redeemed, both in their living and in their dying, as

His of right.

10. But why, &c.--The original is more lively:--"But thou (the weaker

believer), why judgest thou thy brother? And thou again

(the stronger), why despisest thou thy brother?"

for we shall all--the strong and the weak together.

stand before the judgment-seat of Christ--All the most ancient

and best manuscripts read here, "the judgment-seat of God." The present

reading doubtless crept in from

2Co 5:10,

where "the judgment-seat of Christ" occurs. But here "the

judgment-seat of God" seems to have been used, with reference to

the quotation and the inference in

Ro 14:11, 12.

11, 12. For it is written--

(Isa 45:23).

As I live, saith the Lord--Hebrew, JEHOVAH.

every knee shall bow to me, and every tongue shall confess to God--consequently,

shall bow to the award of God upon their character and

actions.

12. So then--infers the apostle.

every one of us shall give account of himself to God--Now, if it be

remembered that all this is adduced quite incidentally, to show that

CHRIST is the absolute Master of all Christians, to rule their judgments

and feelings towards each other while "living," and to dispose of them

"dying," the testimony which it bears to the absolute Divinity of Christ

will appear remarkable. On any other view, the quotation to show that

we shall all stand before the judgment-seat of God would be a

strange proof that Christians are all amenable to Christ.

13. Let us not therefore judge--"assume the office of judge over"

one another; but judge this rather, &c.--a beautiful sort of play upon

the word "judge," meaning, "But let this be your judgment, not to put a

stumbling-block," &c.

14, 15. I know, and am persuaded by--or rather, "in"

the Lord Jesus--as "having the mind of Christ"

(1Co 2:16).

that there is nothing unclean of itself--Hence it is that he calls

those "the strong" who believed in the abolition of all ritual

distinctions under the Gospel. (See

Ac 10:15).

but--"save that"

to him that esteemeth anything to be unclean, to him it is unclean--"and

therefore, though you can eat of it with out sin, he cannot."

15. But if thy brother be grieved--has his weak conscience hurt

with thy meat--rather, "because of meat." The word "meat" is purposely

selected as something contemptible in contrast with the tremendous risk

run for its sake. Accordingly, in the next clause, that idea is brought

out with great strength.

Destroy not him with--"by"

thy meat for whom Christ died--"The worth of even the poorest and

weakest brother cannot be more emphatically expressed than by the words,

'for whom Christ died'" [OLSHAUSEN]. The same sentiment is expressed

with equal sharpness in

1Co 8:11.

Whatever tends to make anyone violate his conscience tends to the

destruction of his soul; and he who helps, whether wittingly or no, to

bring about the one is guilty of aiding to accomplish the

other.

16, 17. Let not then your good--that is, this liberty of yours as to

Jewish meats and days, well founded though it be.

be evil spoken of--for the evil it does to others.

17. For the kingdom of God--or, as we should say, Religion; that is,

the proper business and blessedness for which Christians are formed into

a community of renewed men in thorough subjection to God (compare

1Co 4:20).

is not meat and drink--"eating and drinking"

but righteousness, and peace, and joy in the Holy Ghost--a

beautiful and comprehensive division of living Christianity. The

first--"righteousness"--has respect to God, denoting here

"rectitude," in its widest sense (as in

Mt 6:33);

the second--"peace"--has respect to our neighbors, denoting

"concord" among brethren (as is plain from

Ro 14:19;

compare

Eph 4:3;

Col 3:14, 15);

the third--"joy in the Holy Ghost"--has respect to ourselves.

This phrase, "joy in the Holy Ghost," represents Christians as so

thinking and feeling under the workings of the Holy Ghost, that their

joy may be viewed rather as that of the blessed Agent who inspires it

than their own (compare

1Th 1:6).

18. For he that in these things--"in this," meaning this threefold

life.

serveth Christ--Here again observe how, though we do these three

things as a "kingdom of God," yet it is "Christ" that we serve

in so doing; the apostle passing here from God to Christ as naturally as

before from Christ to God--in a way to us inconceivable, if Christ had

been viewed as a mere creature (compare

2Co 8:21).

is acceptable to God, and approved of men--these being the things

which God delights in, and men are constrained to approve. (Compare

Pr 3:4;

Lu 2:52;

Ac 2:47; 19:20).

19. the things, &c.--more simply, "the things of peace, and the

things of mutual edification."

20. For--"For the sake of"

meat destroy not the work of God--(See on

Ro 14:15).

The apostle sees in whatever tends to violate a brother's conscience

the incipient destruction of God's work (for every converted man

is such)--on the same principle as "he that hateth his brother is a

murderer"

(1Jo 3:15).

All things indeed are pure--"clean"; the ritual distinctions being

at an end.

but it is evil to that man--there is criminality in the man

who eateth with offence--that is, so as to stumble a weak brother.

21. It is good not to eat flesh, nor to drink wine, nor any thing--"nor

to do any thing"

whereby--"wherein"

thy brother stumbleth, or is offended, or is made weak--rather, "is

weak." These three words, it has been remarked, are each intentionally

weaker than the other:--"Which may cause a brother to stumble, or even

be obstructed in his Christian course, nay--though neither of these may

follow--wherein he continues weak; unable wholly to disregard the

example, and yet unprepared to follow it." But this injunction to

abstain from flesh, from wine, and from whatsoever may hurt

the conscience of a brother, must be properly understood. Manifestly,

the apostle is treating of the regulation of the Christian's conduct

with reference simply to the prejudices of the weak in faith; and his

directions are to be considered not as

prescriptions for one's entire lifetime, even to promote the good

of men on a large scale, but simply as cautions against the too free

use of Christian liberty in matters where other Christians, through

weakness, are not persuaded that such liberty is divinely allowed. How

far the principle involved in this may be legitimately extended, we

do not inquire here; but ere we consider that question, it is of great

importance to fix how far it is here actually expressed, and what is

the precise nature of the illustrations given of it.

22. Hast thou faith--on such matters?

have it to thyself--within thine own breast

before God--a most important clause. It is not mere sincerity, or a

private opinion, of which the apostle speaks; it is conviction as to

what is the truth and will of God. If thou hast formed this conviction

in the sight of God, keep thyself in this frame before Him. Of course,

this is not to be over-pressed, as if it were wrong to discuss such

points at all with our weaker brethren. All that is here condemned is

such a zeal for small points as endangers Christian love.

Happy is he that condemneth not himself in that which he alloweth--allows

himself to do nothing, about the lawfulness of which he has

scruples; does only what he neither knows nor fears to be sinful.

23. And--rather, "But"

he that doubteth is damned--On the word "damnation," see on

Ro 13:2.

if he eat, because he eateth not of faith--On the meaning of

"faith" here, see on

Ro 14:22.

for whatsoever is not of faith is sin--a maxim of unspeakable

importance in the Christian life.

Note, (1) Some points in Christianity are unessential to Christian

fellowship; so that though one may be in error upon them, he is not on

that account to be excluded either from the communion of the Church or

from the full confidence of those who have more light. This distinction

between essential and non-essential truths is denied by some who affect

more than ordinary zeal for the honor and truth of God. But they must

settle the question with our apostle. (2) Acceptance with God is the

only proper criterion of right to Christian fellowship. Whom God

receives, men cannot lawfully reject

(Ro 14:3, 4).

(3) As there is much self-pleasing in setting up narrow standards of

Christian fellowship, so one of the best preservatives against the

temptation to do this will be found in the continual remembrance that

CHRIST is the one Object for whom all Christians

live, and to whom all Christians die; this will be such a living and

exalted bond of union between the strong and the weak as will

overshadow all their lesser differences and gradually absorb them

(Ro 14:7-9).

(4) The consideration of the common judgment-seat at which the strong

and the weak shall stand together will be found another preservative

against the unlovely disposition to sit in judgment one on another

(Ro 14:10-12).

(5) How brightly does the supreme Divinity of Christ shine out in this

chapter! The exposition itself supersedes further illustration here.

(6) Though forbearance be a great Christian duty, indifference to the

distinction between truth and error is not thereby encouraged. The

former is, by the tax, made an excuse for the latter. But our apostle,

while teaching "the strong" to bear with "the weak," repeatedly

intimates in this chapter where the truth really lay on the points in

question, and takes care to call those who took the wrong side "the

weak"

(Ro 14:1, 2, 14).

(7) With what holy jealousy ought the purity of the conscience to be

guarded, since every deliberate violation of it is incipient perdition

(Ro 14:15, 20)!

Some, who seem to be more jealous for the honor of certain doctrines

than for the souls of men, enervate this terrific truth by asking how

it bears upon the "perseverance of the saints"; the advocates of that

doctrine thinking it necessary to explain away what is meant by

"destroying the work of God"

(Ro 14:20),

and "destroying him for whom Christ died"

(Ro 14:15),

for fear of the doctrinal consequences of taking it nakedly; while the

opponents of that doctrine are ready to ask, How could the apostle have

used such language if he had believed that such a catastrophe was

impossible? The true answer to both lies in dismissing the question as

impertinent. The apostle is enunciating a great and eternal principle

in Christian Ethics--that the wilful violation of conscience

contains within itself a seed of destruction; or, to express it

otherwise, that the total destruction of the work of God in the renewed

soul, and, consequently, the loss of that soul for eternity, needs only

the carrying out to its full effect of such violation of the

conscience. Whether such effects do take place, in point of

fact, the apostle gives not the most distant hint here; and therefore

that point must be settled elsewhere. But, beyond all doubt, as the

position we have laid down is emphatically expressed by the apostle, so

the interests of all who call themselves Christians require to be

proclaimed and pressed on every suitable occasion. (8) Zeal for

comparatively small points of truth is a poor substitute for the

substantial and catholic and abiding realities of the Christian life

(Ro 14:17, 18).

(9) "Peace" among the followers of Christ is a blessing too precious to

themselves, and, as a testimony to them that are without, too

important, to be ruptured for trifles, even though some lesser truths

be involved in these

(Ro 14:19, 20).

Nor are those truths themselves disparaged or endangered thereby, but

the reverse. (10) Many things which are lawful are not expedient. In

the use of any liberty, therefore, our question should be, not simply,

Is this lawful? but even if so, Can it be used with safety to a

brother's conscience?--How will it affect my brother's soul

(Ro 14:21)?

It is permitted to no Christian to say with Cain, "Am I my brother's

keeper?"

(Ge 4:9).

(11) Whenever we are in doubt as to a point of duty--where abstinence

is manifestly sinless, but compliance not clearly lawful--the safe

course is ever to be preferred, for to do otherwise is itself sinful.

(12) How exalted and beautiful is the Ethics of Christianity--by a few

great principles teaching us how to steer our course amidst practical

difficulties, with equal regard to Christian liberty, love, and

confidence!