Proverbs 10

Pr 10:1-32.

Here begins the second part of the book,

Pr 10:1-22:16,

which, with the third,

Pr 22:16-25:28,

contains series of proverbs whose sense is complete in one or two

verses, and which, having no logical connection, admit of no analysis.

The parallelisms of

Pr 10:1-15:33

are mostly antithetic; and those of

Pr 16:1-22:16,

synthetic. The evidences of art in the structure are very clear, and

indicate, probably, a purpose of facilitating the labor of

memorizing.

1. wise [and] foolish--as they follow or reject the

precepts of wisdom.

maketh . . . father--or, "gladdens a father."

heaviness--or, "grief."

2. Treasures . . . nothing--that is, Ill-gotten gains give no true

happiness (compare

Pr 4:17;

Mt 6:19).

righteousness--especially beneficence

(Ps 112:9).

death--the greatest of all evils.

3. (Compare

Ps 37:16-20).

The last clause is better: "He will repel the greedy desires of the

wicked."

4. slack--literally, "deceitful," failing of its purpose (compare

Ho 7:16).

maketh rich--(compare

Pr 10:22).

5. son--as

Pr 1:8, 10,

and often.

sleepeth--in indolence, and not for rest.

causeth shame--literally, "is base" (compare

Pr 14:35; 17:2).

6. Blessings--literally, "Praises." The last clause is better: "The

mouth of the wicked covereth (or concealeth) violence (or mischievous

devices)" to be executed in due time

(Ps 5:9; 10:7;

Ro 3:14),

and hence has no praises (compare

Pr 10:11).

7. blessed--literally, "for a blessing," or praise.

shall rot--literally, "be worm-eaten," useless and disgusting.

8. wise, &c.--(compare

Pr 9:8, 9, 16),

opposed to

prating fool--or, "fool of lips of wicked language."

fall--headlong, suddenly.

9. perverteth his ways--acts deceitfully.

known--discovered and punished.

10. Two vices contrasted; hypocrisy, or insinuating evil against one

(Pr 6:13;

Ps 35:19),

and rashness of speech. In each case, the results are on the

evildoers.

11. a well--or, "source" of good to himself and others

(Joh 7:37, 38).

On last clause, see on

Pr 10:6.

12. strifes--or, "litigations."

covereth--by forgiveness and forbearance.

13. In the lips . . . found--hence, not beaten, as the wicked-speaking

fool.

void of understanding--

(Pr 6:32; 7:7).

14. lay up knowledge--that is, as treasures for good use.

mouth . . . destruction--or, "as to the mouth," &c., destruction is

near; they expose themselves to evil by prating.

15. Both by trusting in "uncertain riches"

(1Ti 6:17),

or by the evils of poverty

(Pr 30:9),

men, not fearing God, fall into dangers.

16. The industry of the righteous is alone truly successful, while the

earnings of the wicked tempt and lead to sin.

17. keepeth--observes

(Pr 3:18; 4:22).

refuseth--or, "turns from reproof," which might direct him aright.

18. Both vices must one day be known and punished, and hence their

folly.

19. Much speech involves risk of sin; hence the wisdom of restraining

the tongue

(Ps 39:1;

Jas 1:26).

20. Right speech is the fruit of a good heart, but the wicked show

theirs to be useless.

21. Fools not only fail to benefit others, as do the righteous, but

procure their own ruin (compare

Pr 10:11, 17;

Ho 4:6).

22. it maketh, &c.--"it" is emphatic. Riches from God are without the

sorrow of ill-gotten wealth (compare

Ec 2:21-23;

1Ti 6:9, 10, 17).

23. Sin is the pleasure of the wicked; wisdom that of the good.

24. it--the very thing. The wicked get dreaded evil; the righteous,

desired good.

25. (Compare

Ps 1:4; 37:9, 10, 36).

righteous . . . foundation--well laid and firm

(Mt 7:24, 25).

26. that is, causes vexation.

27. (Compare

Pr 9:11;

Ps 55:23).

28. gladness--in confidence of realizing it.

expectation . . . perish--in disappointment.

29. The way, &c.--that is, God's providence sustains the righteous and

overthrows the wicked

(Ho 14:9).

30. (Compare

Pr 12:3;

Ps 37:9-11; 102:28).

earth--or, "land of promise."

31. bringeth forth--literally, "germinates" as a plant.

froward--(Compare

Pr 2:12, 14).

cut off--as an unproductive plant.

32. know--regard and provide for

(Ps 1:6).

frowardness--all kinds of deceit and ill-nature. The word is plural.