Job 14

Job 14:1-22.

JOB

PASSES FROM

HIS

OWN TO THE

COMMON

MISERY OF

MANKIND.

1. woman--feeble, and in the East looked down upon

(Ge 2:21).

Man being born of one so frail must be frail himself

(Mt 11:11).

few days--

(Ge 47:9;

Ps 90:10).

Literally, "short of days." Man is the reverse of full of days and

short of trouble.

2.

(Ps 90:6;

see on

Job 8:9).

3. open . . . eyes upon--Not in graciousness; but, "Dost Thou sharply

fix Thine eyes upon?"

(See on

Job 7:20;

also see on

Job 1:7).

Is one so frail as man worthy of such constant watching on the part of

God?

(Zec 12:4).

me--so frail.

thee--so almighty.

4. A plea in mitigation. The doctrine of original sin was held from

the first. "Man is unclean from his birth, how then can God expect

perfect cleanness from such a one and deal so severely with me?"

5. determined--

(Job 7:1;

Isa 10:23;

Da 9:27; 11:36).

6. Turn--namely, Thine eyes from watching him so jealously

(Job 14:3).

hireling--

(Job 7:1).

accomplish--rather, "enjoy." That he may at least enjoy the measure

of rest of the hireling who though hard worked reconciles himself to

his lot by the hope of his rest and reward [UMBREIT].

7. Man may the more claim a peaceful life, since, when separated from

it by death, he never returns to it. This does not deny a future life,

but a return to the present condition of life. Job plainly hopes for

a future state

(Job 14:13;

Job 7:2).

Still, it is but vague and trembling hope, not assurance;

excepting the one bright glimpse in

Job 19:25.

The Gospel revelation was needed to change fears, hopes, and glimpses

into clear and definite certainties.

9. scent--exhalation, which, rather than the humidity of water,

causes the tree to germinate. In the antithesis to man the tree is

personified, and volition is poetically ascribed to it.

like a plant--"as if newly planted"

[UMBREIT]; not as if trees and

plants were a different species.

10. man . . . man--Two distinct Hebrew words are here used;

Geber, a mighty man: though mighty, he dies. Adam, a man of

earth: because earthly, he gives up the ghost.

wasteth--is reduced to nothing: he cannot revive in the present state,

as the tree does. The cypress and pine, which when cut down do not

revive, were the symbols of death among the Romans.

11. sea--that is, a lake, or pool formed from the outspreading

of a river. Job lived near the Euphrates: and "sea" is applied to it

(Jer 51:36;

Isa 27:1).

So of the Nile

(Isa 19:5).

fail--utterly disappeared by drying up. The rugged channel of the

once flowing water answers to the outstretched corpse ("lieth down,"

Job 14:12)

of the once living man.

12. heavens be no more--This only implies that Job had no hope of

living again in the present order of the world, not that he had no

hope of life again in a new order of things.

Ps 102:26

proves that early under the Old Testament the dissolution of the

present earth and heavens was expected (compare

Ge 8:22).

Enoch before Job had implied that the "saints shall live again"

(Jude 14;

Heb 11:13-16).

Even if, by this phrase, Job meant "never"

(Ps 89:29)

in his gloomier state of feelings, yet the Holy Ghost has made

him unconsciously

(1Pe 1:11, 12)

use language expressing the truth, that the resurrection is to be

preceded by the dissolution of the heavens. In

Job 14:13-15

he plainly passes to brighter hopes of a world to come.

13. Job wishes to be kept hidden in the grave until God's wrath

against him shall have passed away. So while God's wrath is visiting

the earth for the abounding apostasy which is to precede the second

coming, God's people shall be hidden against the resurrection glory

(Isa 26:19-21).

set time--a decreed time

(Ac 1:7).

14. shall he live?--The answer implied is,

There is a hope that he shall, though not in the present order of life, as is shown by the words following. Job had denied

(Job 14:10-12)

that man shall live again in this present world. But hoping for a "set

time," when God shall remember and raise him out of the hiding-place of

the grave

(Job 14:13),

he declares himself willing to "wait all the days of his appointed

time" of continuance in the grave, however long and hard that may be.

appointed time--literally, "warfare, hard service"; imlying the

hardship of being shut out from the realms of life, light, and God

for the time he shall be in the grave

(Job 7:1).

change--my release, as a soldier at his post released from duty by

the relieving guard (see on

Job 10:17)

[UMBREIT and GESENIUS], but

elsewhere GESENIUS explains it, "renovation," as

of plants in spring

(Job 14:7),

but this does not accord so well with the metaphor in "appointed time"

or "warfare."

15. namely, at the resurrection

(Joh 5:28;

Ps 17:15).

have a desire to--literally, "become pale with anxious desire:" the

same word is translated "sore longedst after"

(Ge 31:30;

Ps 84:2),

implying the utter unlikelihood that God would leave in oblivion the

"creature of His own hands so fearfully and wonderfully made." It is

objected that if Job knew of a future retribution, he would make it the

leading topic in solving the problem of the permitted

afflictions of the righteous. But, (1) He did not intend to exceed the

limits of what was clearly revealed; the doctrine was then in a

vague form only; (2) The doctrine of God's moral government in

this life, even independently of the future, needed

vindication.

16. Rather, "Yea, thou wilt number my steps, and wilt not (as now)

jealously watch over my sin." Thenceforward, instead of severe watching

for every sin of Job, God will guard him against every sin.

number . . . steps--that is, minutely attend to them,

that they may not wander [UMBREIT]

(1Sa 2:9;

Ps 37:23).

17. sealed up--

(Job 9:7).

Is shut up in eternal oblivion, that is, God thenceforth will think no

more of my former sins. To cover sins is to completely

forgive them

(Ps 32:1; 85:2).

Purses of money in the East are usually sealed.

sewest up--rather, "coverest"; akin to an Arabic word, "to color

over," to forget wholly.

18. cometh to naught--literally, "fadeth"; a poetical image from a leaf

(Isa 34:4).

Here Job falls back into his gloomy bodings as to the grave. Instead of

"and surely," translate "yet"; marking the transition from his brighter

hopes. Even the solid mountain falls and crumbles away; man therefore

cannot "hope" to escape decay or to live again in the present world

(Job 14:19).

out of his place--so man

(Ps 103:16).

19. The Hebrew order is more forcible: "Stones themselves are worn

away by water."

things which grow out of--rather, "floods wash away the dust of the

earth." There is a gradation from "mountains" to "rocks"

(Job 14:18),

then "stones," then last "dust of the earth"; thus the solid mountain

at last disappears utterly.

20. prevailest--dost overpower by superior strength.

passeth--dieth.

changest countenance--the change in the visage at death. Differently

(Da 5:9).

21. One striking trait is selected from the sad picture of the

severance of the dead from all that passes in the world

(Ec 9:5),

namely, the utter separation of parents and children.

22. "Flesh" and "soul" describe the whole man. Scripture rests the

hope of a future life, not on the inherent immortality of the soul, but

on the restoration of the body with the soul. In the unseen world,

Job in a gloomy frame anticipates, man shall be limited to the thought

of his own misery. "Pain is by personification, from our feelings

while alive, attributed to the flesh and soul, as if the man could

feel in his body when dead. It is the dead in general, not the wicked,

who are meant here."