Job 38

Job 38:1-41.

1. Jehovah appears unexpectedly in a whirlwind (already gathering

Job 37:1, 2),

the symbol of "judgment"

(Ps 50:3, 4,

&c.), to which Job had challenged Him. He asks him now to get himself

ready for the contest. Can he explain the phenomena of God's

natural government? How can he, then, hope to understand the

principles of His moral government? God thus confirms Elihu's

sentiment, that submission to, not reasonings on, God's

ways is man's part. This and the disciplinary design of trial to

the godly is the great lesson of this book. He does not solve the

difficulty by reference to future retribution: for this was not the

immediate question; glimpses of that truth were already given in

the fourteenth and nineteenth chapters, the full revelation of

it being reserved for Gospel times. Yet even now we need to

learn the lesson taught by Elihu and God in Job.

2. this--Job.

counsel--impugning My divine wisdom in the providential arrangements

of the universe. Such "words" (including those of the friends) rather

obscure, than throw light on My ways. God is about to be Job's

Vindicator, but must first bring him to a right state of mind for

receiving relief.

3. a man--hero, ready for battle

(1Co 16:13),

as he had wished

(Job 9:35; 13:22; 31:37).

The robe, usually worn flowing, was girt up by a girdle when men ran,

labored, or fought

(1Pe 1:13).

4. To understand the cause of things, man should have been present

at their origin. The finite creature cannot fathom the infinite wisdom

of the Creator

(Job 28:12; 15:7, 8).

hast--"knowest."

understanding--

(Pr 4:1).

5. measures--of its proportions. Image from an architect's plans

of a building.

line--of measurement

(Isa 28:17).

The earth is formed on an all-wise plan.

6. foundations--not "sockets," as Margin.

fastened--literally, "made to sink," as a foundation-stone let down

till it settles firmly in the clay

(Job 26:7).

Gravitation makes and keeps the earth a sphere.

7. So at the founding of Zerubbabel's temple

(Ezr 3:10-13).

So hereafter at the completion of the Church, the temple of the Holy

Ghost

(Zec 4:7);

as at its foundation

(Lu 2:13, 14).

morning stars--especially beautiful. The creation morn is

appropriately associated with these, it being the commencement of

this world's day. The stars are figuratively said to sing God's

praises, as in

Ps 19:1; 148:3.

They are symbols of the angels, bearing the same relation to our earth,

as angels do to us. Therefore they answer to "sons of God," or angels,

in the parallel. See on

Job 25:5.

8. doors--floodgates; these when opened caused the flood

(Ge 8:2);

or else, the shores.

womb--of chaos. The bowels of the earth. Image from childbirth

(Job 38:8, 9;

Eze 32:2;

Mic 4:10).

Ocean at its birth was wrapped in clouds as its swaddling bands.

10. brake up for--that is, appointed it. Shores are generally broken

and abrupt cliffs. The Greek for "shore" means "a broken place." I

broke off or measured off for it my limit, that is, the limit

which I thought fit

(Job 26:10).

11. stayed--Hebrew, "a limit shall be set to."

12-15. Passing from creation to phenomena in the existing inanimate

world.

Hast thou--as God daily does.

commanded the morning--to rise.

since thy days--since thou hast come into being.

his place--It varies in its place of rising from day to day, and yet

it has its place each day according to fixed laws.

13. take hold of the ends, &c.--spread itself over the earth to its

utmost bounds in a moment.

wicked--who hate the light, and do their evil works in the dark

(Job 24:13).

shaken out of it--The corners (Hebrew, "wings" or "skirts")

of it, as of a garment, are taken hold of by the dayspring, so as to

shake off the wicked.

14. Explaining the first clause of

Job 38:13,

as

Job 38:15

does the second clause. As the plastic clay presents the various

figures impressed on it by a seal, so the earth, which in the dark was

void of all form, when illuminated by the dayspring, presents a variety

of forms, hills, valleys, &c.

turned--(Hebrew, "turns itself") alludes to the rolling cylinder

seal, such as is found in Babylon, which leaves its impressions on the

clay, as it is turned about; so the morning light rolling on over the

earth.

they stand--The forms of beauty, unfolded by the dawn, stand forth

as a garment, in which the earth is clad.

15. their light--by which they work; namely, darkness, which is

their day

(Job 24:17),

is extinguished by daylight.

high--Rather, "The arm uplifted" for murder or other crime is

broken; it falls down suddenly, powerless, through their fear of light.

16. springs--fountains beneath the sea

(Ps 95:4, 5).

search--Rather, "the inmost recesses"; literally, "that which is only

found by searching," the deep caverns of ocean.

17. seen--The second clause heightens the thought in the first. Man

during life does not even "see" the gates of the realm of the dead

("death,"

Job 10:21);

much less are they "opened" to him. But those are "naked before God"

(Job 26:6).

18. Hast thou--as God doth

(Job 28:24).

19-38. The marvels in heaven.

"What is the way (to the place wherein) light dwelleth?" The origin

of light and darkness. In

Ge 1:3-5, 14-18,

"light" is created distinct from, and previous to, light-emitting

bodies, the luminaries of heaven.

20. Dost thou know its place so well as to be able to guide,

("take" as in

Isa 36:17)

it to (but UMBREIT, "reach it in") its own

boundary, that is, the limit between light and darkness

(Job 26:10)?

21. Or without the interrogation, in an ironical sense

[UMBREIT].

then--when I created light and darkness

(Job 15:7).

22. treasures--storehouses, from which God draws forth snow and hail.

Snow is vapor congealed in the air before it is collected in drops

large enough to form hail. Its shape is that of a crystal in endless

variety of beautiful figures. Hail is formed by rain falling through

dry cold air.

23. against the time of trouble--the time when I design to chastise

men

(Ex 9:18;

Jos 10:11;

Re 16:21;

Isa 28:17;

Ps 18:12, 13;

Hag 2:17).

24. is . . . parted--parts, so as to diffuse itself over the whole

earth, though seeming to come from one point. Light travels from the

sun to the earth, ninety millions of miles, in eight minutes.

which scattereth--rather, "And by what way the east wind (personified)

spreads (scattereth) itself." The light and east wind are associated

together, as both come from one quarter, and often arise together

(Jon 4:8).

25. waters--Rain falls, not in a mass on one spot, but in countless

separate canals in the air marked out for them.

way for the lightning--

(Job 28:26).

26. Since rain fails also on places uninhabited by man, it cannot

be that man guides its course. Such rain, though man cannot explain

the reason for it, is not lost. God has some wise design in it.

27. As though the desolate ground thirsted for God's showers.

Personification. The beauty imparted to the uninhabited desert pleases

God, for whom primarily all things exist, and He has ulterior designs

in it.

28. Can any visible origin of rain and dew be assigned by man? Dew is

moisture, which was suspended in the air, but becomes condensed on

reaching the--in the night--lower temperature of objects on the earth.

29.

Job 37:10.

30. The unfrozen waters are hid under the frozen, as with a

covering of stone.

frozen--literally, "is taken"; the particles take hold of one another

so as to cohere.

31. sweet influences--the joy diffused by spring, the time when the

Pleiades appear. The Eastern poets, Hafiz, Sadi, &c., describe them as

"brilliant rosettes." GESENIUS

translates: "bands" or "knot," which

answers better the parallelism. But English Version agrees better

with the Hebrew. The seven stars are closely "bound" together

(see on

Job 9:9).

"Canst thou bind or loose the tie?" "Canst thou loose the bonds by

which the constellation Orion (represented in the East as an impious

giant chained to the sky) is held fast?" (See on

Job 9:9).

32. Canst thou bring forth from their places or

houses (Mazzaloth,

2Ki 23:5,

Margin; to which Mazzaroth here is equivalent) into the

sky the signs of the Zodiac at their respective seasons--the twelve

lodgings in which the sun successively stays, or appears, in the sky?

Arcturus--Ursa Major.

his sons?--the three stars in his tail. Canst thou make them appear

in the sky?

(Job 9:9).

The great and less Bear are called by the Arabs "Daughters of the

Bier," the quadrangle being the bier, the three others the

mourners.

33. ordinances--which regulate the alternations of seasons, &c.

(Ge 8:22).

dominion--controlling influence of the heavenly bodies, the

sun, moon, &c., on the earth (on the tides, weather)

(Ge 1:16;

Ps 136:7-9).

34.

Jer 14:22;

above

Job 22:11,

metaphorically.

35. Here we are--at thy disposal

(Isa 6:8).

36. inward parts . . . heart--But "dark clouds" ("shining phenomena")

[UMBREIT]; "meteor"

[MAURER], referring to the consultation of these as

signs of weather by the husbandman

(Ec 11:4).

But Hebrew supports English Version. The connection is,

"Who hath given thee the intelligence to comprehend in any degree the

phenomena just specified?"

heart--not the usual Hebrew word, but one from a root "to

view"; perception.

37. Who appoints by his wisdom the due measure of the clouds?

stay--rather, "empty"; literally, "lay down" or "incline" so as to

pour out.

bottles of heaven--rain-filled clouds.

38. groweth, &c.--rather, pour itself into a mass by the rain,

like molten metal; then translate

Job 38:38,

"Who is it that empties," &c., "when," &c.? The English

Version, however, is tenable: "Is caked into a mass" by

heat, like molten metal, before the rain falls; "Who is it that

can empty the rain vessels, and bring down rain at such a

time?"

(Job 38:38).

39. At

Job 38:39-39:30,

the instincts of animals. Is it thou that givest it the instinct to

hunt its prey?

(Ps 104:21).

appetite--literally, "life," which depends on the appetite"

(Job 33:20).

40. lie in wait?--for their prey

(Ps 10:9).

41.

Lu 12:24.

Transition from the noble lioness to the croaking raven. Though man

dislikes it, as of ill omen, God cares for it, as for all His

creatures.