Isaiah 15

Isa 15:1-9.

THE

FIFTEENTH AND

SIXTEENTH

CHAPTERS

FORM

ONE

PROPHECY ON

MOAB.

LOWTH thinks it was delivered in the first years

of Hezekiah's reign and

fulfilled in the fourth when Shalmaneser, on his way to invade Israel,

may have seized on the strongholds of Moab. Moab probably had made

common cause with Israel and Syria in a league against Assyria. Hence

it incurred the vengeance of Assyria. Jeremiah has introduced much of

this prophecy into his

forty-eighth chapter.

1. Because--rather, "Surely"; literally, "(I affirm) that"

[MAURER].

night--the time best suited for a hostile incursion

(Isa 21:4;

Jer 39:4).

Ar--meaning in Hebrew, "the city"; the metropolis of Moab, on the

south of the river Arnon.

Kir--literally, "a citadel"; not far from Ar, towards the south.

He--Moab personified.

Bajith--rather, "to the temple" [MAURER];

answering to the

"sanctuary"

(Isa 16:12),

in a similar context.

to Dibon--Rather, as Dibon was in a plain north of the Arnon,

"Dibon (is gone up) to the high places," the usual places of sacrifice

in the East. Same town as Dimon

(Isa 15:9).

to weep--at the sudden calamity.

over Nebo--rather "in Nebo"; not "on account of" Nebo (compare

Isa 15:3)

[MAURER]. The town Nebo was adjacent to the

mountain, not far from the northern shore of the Dead Sea. There it was

that Chemosh, the idol of Moab, was worshipped (compare

De 34:1).

Medeba--south of Heshbon, on a hill east of Jordan.

baldness . . . beard cut off--The Orientals regarded the beard with

peculiar veneration. To cut one's beard off is the greatest mark of

sorrow and mortification (compare

Jer 48:37).

3. tops of . . . houses--flat; places of resort for prayer, &c., in

the East

(Ac 10:9).

weeping abundantly--"melting away in tears."

HORSLEY prefers

"descending to weep." Thus there is a "parallelism by alternate

construction" [LOWTH], or

chiasmus; "howl" refers to "tops of

houses." "Descending to weep" to "streets" or squares, whither they

descend from the housetops.

4. Heshbon--an Amorite city, twenty miles east of Jordan; taken by

Moab after the carrying away of Israel (compare

Jer 48:1-47).

Elealeh--near Heshbon, in Reuben.

Jahaz--east of Jordan, in Reuben. Near it Moses defeated Sihon.

therefore--because of the sudden overthrow of their cities. Even the

armed men, instead of fighting in defense of their land, shall join in

the general cry.

life, &c.--rather, "his soul is grieved"

(1Sa 1:8)

[MAURER].

5. My--The prophet himself is moved with pity for Moab. Ministers,

in denouncing the wrath of God against sinners, should do it with tender

sorrow, not with exultation.

fugitives--fleeing from Moab, wander as far as to Zoar, on the

extreme boundary south of the Dead Sea. HORSLEY

translates, "her nobility," or "rulers"

(Ho 4:18).

heifer, &c.--that is, raising their voices "like a heifer" (compare

Jer 48:34, 36).

The expression "three years old," implies one at its full vigor

(Ge 15:9),

as yet not brought under the yoke; as Moab heretofore unsubdued, but

now about to be broken. So

Jer 31:18;

Ho 4:13.

MAURER translates, "Eglath" (in English

Version, "a heifer") Shelishijah (that is, the third,

to distinguish it from two others of the same name).

Luhith--a mountain in Moab.

Horonaim--a town of Moab not far from Zoar

(Jer 48:5).

It means "the two poles," being near caves.

cry of destruction--a cry appropriate to the destruction which visits

their country.

6. For--the cause of their flight southwards

(2Ki 3:19, 25).

"For" the northern regions and even the city Nimrim (the very name of

which means "limpid waters," in Gilead near Jordan) are without water

or herbage.

7. Therefore--because of the devastation of the land.

abundance--literally, "that which is over and above" the necessaries

of life.

brook of . . . willows--The fugitives flee from Nimrim, where the

waters have failed, to places better watered. Margin has "valley of

Arabians"; that is, to the valley on the boundary between them and

Arabia-Petræa; now Wady-el Arabah. "Arabia" means a "desert."

8. Eglaim--

(Eze 47:10),

En-eglaim. Not the Agalum of EUSEBIUS,

eight miles from Areopolis towards the south; the context requires a

town on the very borders of Moab or beyond them.

Beer-elim--literally, "the well of the Princes"--(so

Nu 21:16-18).

Beyond the east borders of Moab.

9. Dimon--same as Dibon

(Isa 15:2).

Its waters are the Arnon.

full of blood--The slain of Moab shall be so many.

bring more--fresh calamities, namely, the "lions" afterwards mentioned

(2Ki 17:25;

Jer 5:6; 15:3).

VITRINGA understands Nebuchadnezzar as meant by

"the lion"; but it is plural, "lions." The "more," or in

Hebrew, "additions," he explains of the addition made to the

waters of Dimon by the streams of blood of the slain.