Isaiah 16

Isa 16:1-14.

CONTINUATION OF THE

PROPHECY AS TO

MOAB.

1. lamb--advice of the prophet to the Moabites who had fled southwards

to Idumea, to send to the king of Judah the tribute of lambs, which they

had formerly paid to Israel, but which they had given up

(2Ki 3:4, 5).

David probably imposed this tribute before the severance of Judah and

Israel

(2Sa 8:2).

Therefore Moab is recommended to gain the favor and protection of

Judah, by paying it to the Jewish king. Type of the need of

submitting to Messiah

(Ps 2:10-12;

Ro 12:1).

from Sela to--rather, "from Petra through (literally, 'towards')

the wilderness" [MAURER].

"Sela" means "a rock," Petra in Greek;

the capital of Idumea and Arabia-Petræa; the dwellings are mostly hewn

out of the rock. The country around was a vast common ("wilderness") or

open pasturage, to which the Moabites had fled on the invasion from the

west

(Isa 15:7).

ruler of the land--namely, of Idumea, that is, the king of

Judah; Amaziah had become master of Idumea and Sela

(2Ki 14:7).

2. cast out of . . . nest--rather, "as a brood cast out" (in

apposition with "a wandering bird," or rather, wandering birds),

namely, a brood just fledged and expelled from the nest in which they

were hatched [HORSLEY].

Compare

Isa 10:14;

De 32:11.

daughters of Moab--that is, the inhabitants of Moab. So

2Ki 19:21;

Ps 48:11;

Jer 46:11;

La 4:22

[MAURER].

at the fords--trying to cross the boundary river of Moab, in order

to escape out of the land. EWALD and

MAURER make "fords" a poetical

expression for "the dwellers on Arnon," answering to the parallel

clause of the same sense, "daughters of Moab."

3-5. GESENIUS, MAURER,

&c., regard these verses as an address of the fugitive Moabites to the

Jews for protection; they translate

Isa 16:4,

"Let mine outcasts of Moab dwell with thee, Judah"; the

protection will be refused by the Jews, for the pride of Moab

(Isa 16:6).

VITRINGA makes it an additional advice to

Moab, besides paying tribute. Give shelter to the Jewish outcasts

who take refuge in thy land

(Isa 16:3, 4);

so "mercy" will be shown thee in turn by whatever king sits on the

"throne" of "David"

(Isa 16:5).

Isaiah foresees that Moab will be too proud to pay the tribute, or

conciliate Judah by sheltering its outcasts

(Isa 16:6);

therefore judgment shall be executed. However, as Moab just before is

represented as itself an outcast in Idumea, it seems incongruous

that it should be called on to shelter Jewish outcasts. So that

it seems rather to foretell the ruined state of Moab when its people

should beg the Jews for shelter, but be refused for their pride.

make . . . shadow as . . . night . . . in . . . noonday--emblem of a

thick shelter from the glaring noonday heat

(Isa 4:6; 25:4; 32:2).

bewray . . . wandereth--Betray not the fugitive to

his pursuer.

4. Rather, "Let the outcasts of Moab dwell with thee" (Judah)

[HORSLEY].

for the extortioner, &c.--The Assyrian oppressor probably.

is at an end--By the time that Moab begs Judah for shelter, Judah

shall be in a condition to afford it, for the Assyrian oppressor

shall have been "consumed out of the land."

5. If Judah shelters the suppliant Moab, allowing him to remain in

Idumea, a blessing will redound to Judah itself and its "throne."

truth . . . judgment . . . righteousness--language so divinely framed

as to apply to "the latter days" under King Messiah, when "the Lord

shall bring again the captivity of Moab"

(Ps 72:2; 96:13; 98:9;

Jer 48:47;

Ro 11:12).

hasting--"prompt in executing."

6. We--Jews. We reject Moab's supplication for his pride.

lies--false boasts.

not be so--rather, "not right"; shall prove vain

(Isa 25:10;

Jer 48:29, 30;

Zep 2:8).

"It shall not be so; his lies shall not so effect it."

7. Therefore--all hope of being allowed shelter by the Jews

being cut off.

foundations--that is, "ruins"; because, when houses are pulled down,

the "foundations" alone are left

(Isa 58:12).

Jeremiah, in the parallel place

(Jer 48:31),

renders it "men," who are the moral foundations or stay of a city.

Kirhareseth--literally, "a citadel of brick."

surely they are stricken--rather, joined with "mourn"; "Ye shall

mourn utterly stricken" [MAURER and

HORSLEY].

8. fields--vine-fields

(De 32:32).

vine of Sibmah--near Heshbon: namely, languishes.

lords of . . . heathen--The heathen princes, the Assyrians, &c.,

who invaded Moab, destroyed his vines. So Jeremiah in the parallel place

(Jer 48:32, 33).

MAURER thinks the following words require rather

the rendering, "Its (the vine of Sibmah) shoots (the wines got from

them) overpowered (by its generous flavor and potency) the lords of the

nations"

(Ge 49:11, 12, 22).

come . . . Jazer--They (the vine shoots) reached even to Jazer,

fifteen miles from Heshbon.

wandered--They overran in wild luxuriance the wilderness of Arabia,

encompassing Moab.

the sea--the Dead Sea; or else some lake near Jazer now dry; in

Jer 48:32

called "the sea of Jazer"; but see on

Jer 48:32

(Ps 80:8-11).

9. I--will bewail for its desolation, though I belong to another

nation (see on

Isa 15:5).

with . . . weeping of Jazer--as Jazer weeps.

shouting for . . . fallen--rather, "Upon thy

summer fruits and upon thy luxuriant vines the shouting (the

battle shout, instead of the joyous shout of the

grape-gatherers, usual at the vintage) is fallen"

(Isa 16:10;

Jer 25:30; 51:14).

In the parallel passage

(Jer 48:32)

the words substantially express the same sense. "The spoiler is

fallen upon thy summer fruits."

10. gladness--such as is felt in gathering a rich harvest. There

shall be no harvest or vintage owing to the desolation;

therefore no "gladness."

11. bowels--in Scripture the seat of yearning compassion. It means

the inward seat of emotion, the heart, &c.

(Isa 63:15;

compare

Isa 15:5;

Jer 48:36).

sound . . . harp--as its strings vibrate when beaten with the plectrum

or hand.

12. when it is seen that--rather, "When Moab shall have appeared (before his gods; compare

Ex 23:15),

when he is weary (that is,

when he shall have fatigued himself with observing burdensome rites;

1Ki 18:26,

&c.), on the high place (compare

Isa 15:2),

and shall come to his sanctuary (of the idol Chemosh on Mount

Nebo) to pray, he shall not prevail"; he shall effect nothing by his

prayers [MAURER].

13. since that time--rather, "respecting that time"

[HORSLEY].

BARNES translates it, "formerly" in contrast to "but now"

(Isa 16:14):

heretofore former prophecies

(Ex 15:15;

Nu 21:29)

have been given as to Moab, of which Isaiah has given the substance:

but now a definite and steady time also is fixed.

14. three years . . . hireling--Just as a hireling has his fixed

term of engagement, which neither he nor his master will allow to be

added to or to be taken from, so the limit within which Moab is to fall

is unalterably fixed

(Isa 21:16).

Fulfilled about the time when the Assyrians led Israel into captivity.

The ruins of Elealeh, Heshbon, Medeba, Dibon, &c., still exist to

confirm the inspiration of Scripture. The accurate particularity of

specification of the places three thousand years ago, confirmed by

modern research, is a strong testimony to the truth of prophecy.